My Dog Has Seizures Should I Put Him Down

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Epilepsy is a chronic condition that causes recurrent seizures (which can be described with terms such as “fidgeting” or “funny twists”) and is the most common chronic (long-term) neurological disorder in dogs. It only affects about 0.6-0.7% of all dogs in the UK (about 1 in 130 dogs). In most cases, epilepsy is a lifelong condition.

My Dog Has Seizures Should I Put Him Down

A seizure occurs when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain, causing sudden but short-term changes in the dog’s behavior and/or movement.

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If your dog has at least two unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart, your vet may suspect you have epilepsy. It can be difficult for vets to tell the difference between a seizure and other health problems, so a full description of the abnormal event, or ideally a video recording, can help them make a diagnosis.

There are different types of seizures, but how they affect one dog may differ from how they affect another dog. Some dogs have multiple seizures and not all seizures are accompanied by convulsions.

Injuries can occur during seizures, but most dogs do not injure themselves and do not need to see a vet unless they have been diagnosed with epilepsy.

Below are the names of the different types of attacks, along with a description of what happens during each type of attack:

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They only occur in half of the brain and in a specific area. How this type of seizure manifests depends on when the abnormal electrical activity in the brain begins and the function of that part of the brain. Focal epileptic seizures can manifest as follows:

They occur on both sides of the brain. Generalized seizures can occur alone or can start as a focal seizure (more on that below) and progress to a generalized seizure. In most cases, a generalized seizure causes the dog to lose consciousness and salivation, urination, and defecation may occur. Motor movement occurs on both sides of the body. Aspects of generalized seizures are often referred to as tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, and myoclonic seizures. These terms are defined below:

Generalized seizures can also be non-convulsive, such as atonic seizures (also called drop seizures), which cause a sudden and generalized loss of muscle mass, usually causing the dog to fall.

This is when a focal seizure is followed by a generalized seizure. This is the most common type of seizure in dogs. Focal seizures are often very short (seconds to minutes) and secondary generalization occurs quickly. Due to the brief nature of a focal seizure, it can be difficult to detect, and it’s important to tell your vet what happened before the seizures begin to help them determine what type of seizure your dog is experiencing.

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A number of different diseases and other factors can cause seizures that lead to epilepsy. In general, epilepsy can be classified as “structural” (an underlying cause in the brain can be identified) or “idiopathic” (an underlying cause is not identified and often a genetic predisposition is assumed or the cause is unknown).

Idiopathic epilepsy usually affects young and middle-aged dogs (6 months to 6 years) where no underlying cause for recurrent seizures can be found. It is often believed that idiopathic epilepsy is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some breeds are more prone to epilepsy than others, and their prevalence may be higher than others. Epilepsy can run in some families and pedigree studies have shown a genetic basis for some forms of epilepsy.

In order to make a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, it is first necessary to rule out certain causes, such as certain diseases. Diagnosis should be based on your dog’s medical history, neurological examination, and lab tests (blood and/or urine). Additional evaluations, such as brain imaging with an MRI and analysis of your dog’s cerebrospinal fluid, may be recommended by your veterinarian to identify abnormalities that may be causing seizures.

In other dogs experiencing seizures, the underlying cause may be found in the brain. These include blood supply problems, including blockages, as well as bleeding, inflammation, infection, trauma, developmental problems, brain tumors, and degenerative brain diseases. These abnormalities can be confirmed by MRI and/or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. In addition to these systemic causes, metabolic disorders of the brain can lead to structural changes and neuronal degeneration. For example, Lafora’s disease (which affects some miniature wire-haired dachshunds, basset hounds, and beagles) changes the structure of the brain due to a gene defect that causes “storage disease” (accumulation of a toxic substance in cells) and. causes seizures.

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A reactive seizure usually occurs in response to a temporary problem in brain function caused by metabolic changes or toxicity – which reverses when the cause or disorder is removed.

Most attacks only last a minute or two, but it’s a good idea to time the attack to ensure its duration. It is very useful to carefully monitor the attack. Specifically, what were the initial symptoms? Was one side of the body affected first? What actions has your pet shown? such as paddling, slurping, chewing, or grinding. Records of these observations, along with seizure diaries, will be very useful information for your veterinarian.

How often a dog with epilepsy will have seizures can vary greatly between dogs and over the course of each dog’s life. Keeping track of how often your dog has seizures is important to monitor how well their treatment is working so that your vet can change the treatment if necessary. Some dogs have seizures that are very close together over time (e.g. more than one a day), seizures that last a very long time, or seizures that immediately lead to more seizures that don’t return to normal in between. These types of seizures are particularly dangerous to your dog’s health and can be life-threatening and an emergency:

A cluster seizure occurs when a dog has two or more seizures within 24 hours. Cluster seizures occur in about ⅓ to ¾ of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Some dog breeds may be more prone to cluster attacks, including the German Shepherd, Border Collie, Boxer, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and Labrador Retriever. If your dog has a cluster attack, your vet can prescribe rescue medication to use at home. These drugs are used when a cluster attack occurs to try to stop the attack and prevent more from happening. You should never put anything in your dog’s mouth, including your hand, while on a leash. Although cluster attacks can be treated at home with medications such as rectal diazepam or levetiracetam pulse therapy, you should contact your veterinarian for further advice and/or changes in treatment to prevent future clusters.

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Urgent treatment is necessary because status epilepticus can cause permanent neurological damage or even death. If your dog has a seizure, contact your vet immediately for emergency treatment. Emergency treatment involves your vet giving high doses of medication to try to stop the seizures and reduce the damage to your dog’s brain and body. While seizures can be distressing to watch, always try to remain calm when a seizure starts and how long it lasts so you know if a seizure is particularly long and contact your vet if one does occur.

Some dogs may have “triggers” that cause seizures, while others may not. Recognizable triggers can vary from dog to dog. Common triggers in people with epilepsy include:

Stress is a commonly reported trigger by owners and can be caused by a variety of situations, such as changes in the environment, changes in routine, cars, thunderstorms, and visits to the vet. Other owners report that certain foods or medications trigger seizures in their dogs. Keeping a seizure diary can help you identify triggers in your dog.

In most cases, epilepsy in dogs cannot be treated. Maintaining a seizure-free state without causing unacceptable side effects is the ultimate goal of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. This balance is reached in 15-30% of dogs. Therefore, the goal of medical treatment is to improve your dog’s quality of life by reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. In addition, the drugs chosen for this should not cause serious side effects.

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If your vet recommends starting AED therapy, discuss it thoroughly so you understand the importance of this treatment and why it is needed. Your vet can support you in this treatment and you should be regularly monitored for idiopathic epilepsy or side effects. Once started, AED treatment is continued indefinitely, often for the rest of your dog’s life, with periodic health checks and blood tests to ensure that the medication dose, treatment effectiveness and minimum O are maintained.

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