Summer Wedding Nails: A Guide to Stunning Bridal Manicures

Summer Wedding Nails: A Symphony of Elegance and Joy

Summer wedding nails are a delightful display of manicured artistry that complements the joyous atmosphere of summer nuptials. Picture a bride’s hands adorned with delicate floral motifs, sparkling embellishments, or vibrant hues that reflect the season’s vibrancy.

These captivating nail designs hold great significance, symbolizing the bride’s happiness, love, and commitment. Summer wedding nails have gained popularity due to their aesthetic appeal, allowing brides to express their personal style and preferences. Historically, elaborate nail art has been traced back to ancient civilizations, where intricate designs held cultural and symbolic meanings.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the world of summer wedding nails, exploring popular trends, design inspirations, and expert tips to help you achieve the perfect bridal manicure that complements your wedding theme and personal style.

Summer Wedding Nails

Summer wedding nails elevate the bride’s overall appearance, adding a touch of elegance and personality to her bridal ensemble. These intricately designed nails hold cultural significance, symbolizing love, commitment, and the joyous occasion.

• Definition: Artful manicures for summer nuptials.
• Symbolism: Love, joy, commitment.
• Aesthetics: Express personal style, complement theme.
• Customization: Wide range of designs, colors, embellishments.
• Trends: Floral motifs, sparkling accents, vibrant hues.
• Benefits: Enhanced appearance, confidence boost.
• Challenges: Delicate designs, potential chipping.
• Expert Tips: Choose reputable nail artist, consider nail shape, prioritize nail health.
• Cultural Significance: Elaborate nail art rooted in ancient traditions.
• Historical Context: Nail designs evolved to reflect changing fashion trends.

These key points provide a deeper understanding of summer wedding nails, their significance, benefits, and challenges. From their symbolic meaning to the artistic expression they offer, these manicures hold a special place in the realm of bridal beauty. Whether it’s intricate floral designs, sparkling embellishments, or vibrant hues, summer wedding nails have become an essential aspect of a bride’s overall wedding look. By considering these points, brides can make informed choices and collaborate with their nail artist to create a stunning manicure that complements their personal style and the joyous occasion.

Definition

In the realm of summer wedding nails, artful manicures stand as exquisite expressions of creativity and elegance. These meticulously crafted nail designs transcend mere aesthetics, becoming symbols of love, commitment, and the joyous spirit of the occasion.

• Artistic Techniques: Summer wedding nails showcase a wide spectrum of artistic techniques, from delicate brushstrokes to intricate nail art designs. Nail artists employ their skills to create patterns, motifs, and embellishments that reflect the bride’s personal style and the overall wedding theme.
• Color Palette: The color palette for summer wedding nails is as diverse as the season itself. From soft pastels and vibrant neons to classic nudes and shimmering metallics, the choice of colors is virtually limitless. Brides can opt for a single hue or a harmonious blend of colors that complement their skin tone and wedding attire.
• Embellishments and Accents: Summer wedding nails often incorporate a variety of embellishments and accents to enhance their visual appeal. These may include shimmering crystals, delicate pearls, tiny beads, or even dried flowers. These elements add a touch of sophistication and glamour, making the nails a captivating focal point.
• Themed Designs: Summer wedding nails can be further elevated by incorporating themed designs that reflect the overall wedding concept or the bride’s personal interests. This could include beach-inspired motifs, floral patterns, geometric shapes, or even whimsical illustrations. Themed designs add a unique and personalized touch to the bride’s overall look.

These diverse facets of artful manicures for summer nuptials come together to create stunning nail designs that capture the joy and essence of the occasion. Whether it’s the intricate brushwork, the vibrant colors, the delicate embellishments, or the themed designs, every element contributes to a cohesive and visually captivating display that complements the bride’s beauty and the celebratory atmosphere of the summer wedding.

Symbolism

In the tapestry of summer wedding nails, symbolism intertwines with aesthetics, creating a profound expression of love, joy, and commitment. These artfully manicured nails transcend mere decoration, becoming emblems of the profound emotions and promises exchanged on this momentous occasion.

• Eternal Love:

  The intricate designs and embellishments on summer wedding nails represent the everlasting love and devotion shared between the bride and groom. Each brushstroke and carefully placed accent symbolizes the unbreakable bond they forge on this special day.

• Unbounded Joy:

  The vibrant colors and playful motifs incorporated into summer wedding nails reflect the sheer joy and exuberance of the wedding celebration. These cheerful designs capture the infectious happiness that permeates the air as two souls embark on their journey together.

• Unwavering Commitment:

  The meticulous attention to detail and the durability of summer wedding nails symbolize the unwavering commitment the bride and groom make to each other. These manicured nails serve as a physical manifestation of their promise to stand by each other through life’s joys and challenges.

• Nuptial Elegance:

  The overall elegance and sophistication of summer wedding nails embody the grace and refinement of the wedding occasion. The carefully chosen colors, embellishments, and designs exude a sense of timeless beauty, reflecting the significance and formality of the matrimonial union.

These symbolic elements converge to elevate summer wedding nails from mere adornments to poignant symbols of love, joy, and commitment. They serve as visual reminders of the profound emotions and promises that underpin this joyous celebration.

Aesthetics

In the realm of summer wedding nails, aesthetics play a pivotal role in expressing the bride’s personal style and complementing the overall wedding theme. These carefully crafted nail designs transcend mere adornment, becoming a canvas for creativity and a reflection of the bride’s unique personality and the joyous spirit of the occasion.

• Color Palette:

  The choice of colors for summer wedding nails is a fundamental aspect of achieving the desired aesthetic. From soft pastels and vibrant neons to classic nudes and shimmering metallics, the color palette can convey a range of emotions and styles. Whether it’s a monochromatic look or a harmonious blend of hues, the colors used should resonate with the bride’s personal taste and complement the wedding theme.

• Design Motifs:

  Summer wedding nails offer a wide array of design motifs to suit every bride’s taste and the overall wedding concept. Floral patterns, geometric shapes, delicate lacework, and even personalized illustrations are just a few examples of the endless possibilities. These design motifs add visual interest and create a cohesive look that ties the bride’s nails into the overall wedding aesthetic.

• Embellishments and Accents:

  Summer wedding nails can be further enhanced with a variety of embellishments and accents. Shimmering crystals, delicate pearls, tiny beads, and even dried flowers can add a touch of sophistication and glamour to the overall design. These elements can be strategically placed to create focal points or to highlight specific design elements, further personalizing the bride’s nails and making them a captivating accessory.

• Themed Designs:

  For brides who want to fully embrace the summer wedding theme, incorporating themed designs into their nails is a delightful way to add a unique and personalized touch. This could include beach-inspired motifs, tropical patterns, nautical elements, or even whimsical illustrations that reflect the couple’s shared interests or the wedding’s specific location. Themed designs allow the bride to express her creativity and create a cohesive look that ties her nails into the overall wedding concept.

These various aesthetic elements come together to create stunning summer wedding nails that not only enhance the bride’s overall appearance but also serve as a reflection of her personal style and the joyous spirit of the occasion. Whether it’s the vibrant colors, intricate designs, delicate embellishments, or themed motifs, every element contributes to a visually captivating display that complements the bride’s beauty and the celebratory atmosphere of the summer wedding.

Customization

The wide range of designs, colors, and embellishments available for summer wedding nails is a defining characteristic that sets them apart from ordinary manicures. This customization allows brides to express their personal style, complement the overall wedding theme, and create a look that is uniquely their own.

Cause and Effect: The customization options available in summer wedding nails directly influence the final appearance and impact of the manicure. By carefully selecting colors, designs, and embellishments that align with their personal preferences and the wedding theme, brides can create a cohesive and visually appealing look that enhances their overall bridal ensemble.

Components: Customization is an essential element of summer wedding nails, as it allows brides to tailor their manicure to their specific needs and desires. From choosing the perfect shade of polish to selecting intricate designs and embellishments, each element contributes to the overall aesthetic and significance of the nail art.

Examples: Countless real-life instances showcase the customization possibilities of summer wedding nails. For instance, a bride opting for a beach wedding might incorporate seashells and starfish into her nail design, while a bride with a rustic wedding theme might choose earthy tones and floral motifs. Additionally, brides can personalize their nails with their initials, wedding date, or other meaningful symbols.

Applications: Understanding the customization options available in summer wedding nails is crucial for achieving a cohesive and visually appealing look that complements the bride’s personal style and the overall wedding theme. By considering factors such as the wedding’s color palette, venue, and dress, brides can make informed decisions about their nail art, ensuring that it harmonizes with the overall aesthetic and enhances their bridal look.

In summary, the wide range of customization options available for summer wedding nails empowers brides to create a unique and personalized manicure that reflects their personal style and complements the overall wedding theme. This customization not only enhances the bride’s overall appearance but also contributes to the overall ambiance and joyous atmosphere of the summer wedding celebration.

Trends

In the realm of summer wedding nails, trends such as floral motifs, sparkling accents, and vibrant hues reign supreme, captivating the senses and reflecting the joyous spirit of the occasion.

Cause and Effect: The allure of these trends lies in their ability to enhance the overall appearance of summer wedding nails, creating a visually stunning display that complements the bride’s ensemble and the celebratory atmosphere. Floral motifs evoke a sense of natural beauty and romance, while sparkling accents add a touch of glamour and sophistication. Vibrant hues inject energy and vitality into the design, making the nails a captivating focal point.

Components: These trends are integral elements of summer wedding nails, contributing to their overall aesthetic and significance. Floral motifs symbolize love, growth, and new beginnings, perfectly aligning with the joyous occasion of a wedding. Sparkling accents exude elegance and luxury, adding a touch of sparkle to the bride’s special day. Vibrant hues represent happiness, optimism, and the vibrant energy of the summer season.

Examples: countless real-life instances showcase the harmonious interplay between these trends and summer wedding nails. Brides opting for a garden wedding might incorporate delicate floral designs with soft pastel hues, while a bride with a beach wedding might choose vibrant tropical motifs with shimmering accents. Additionally, brides can personalize their nails with intricate lace patterns or geometric shapes in eye-catching colors.

Applications: Understanding these trends is crucial for achieving a cohesive and visually appealing look that complements the bride’s personal style and the overall wedding theme. By considering factors such as the wedding’s color palette, venue, and dress, brides can make informed decisions about their nail art, ensuring that it harmonizes with the overall aesthetic and enhances their bridal look.

In summary, the trends of floral motifs, sparkling accents, and vibrant hues are defining characteristics of summer wedding nails, capturing the joyful spirit of the occasion and enhancing the bride’s overall appearance. These trends are not only visually stunning but also hold symbolic meanings, contributing to the significance and beauty of the bridal manicure.

Benefits

In the realm of summer wedding nails, the benefits extend beyond mere aesthetics, playing a significant role in enhancing the bride’s overall appearance and boosting her confidence on this momentous occasion.

• Elevated Elegance:

  Summer wedding nails elevate the bride’s overall appearance, adding a touch of sophistication and elegance to her bridal ensemble. The intricate designs, vibrant colors, and sparkling embellishments create a visually stunning display that complements the bride’s dress, hair, and makeup, making her the radiant center of attention.

• Expressive Personality:

  Summer wedding nails provide an avenue for the bride to express her personal style and creativity. Through the choice of colors, designs, and embellishments, the bride can create a manicure that reflects her unique personality and preferences, adding a personalized touch to her bridal look.

• Confidence and Poise:

  Well-manicured and beautifully designed summer wedding nails can significantly boost the bride’s confidence and poise on her wedding day. Knowing that her nails are perfectly polished and eye-catching can help alleviate anxiety and self-consciousness, allowing her to feel more relaxed, confident, and ready to embrace the joyous occasion.

• Cohesive Bridal Ensemble:

  Summer wedding nails are an integral part of the bride’s overall bridal ensemble, tying together various elements of her look. The colors and designs of the nails can complement the wedding dress, bouquet, and jewelry, creating a cohesive and visually harmonious appearance that enhances the bride’s overall radiance.

These benefits collectively contribute to the bride’s enhanced appearance and confidence on her wedding day, allowing her to feel beautiful, confident, and ready to celebrate this special moment with her loved ones.

Challenges

While summer wedding nails offer a myriad of aesthetic benefits, they also present certain challenges that brides and nail technicians must be aware of and address.

• Delicate Designs:

  Summer wedding nails often incorporate intricate designs, delicate brushstrokes, and fine details, making them prone to smudging or damage if not handled carefully.

• Thin Layers:

  To achieve a natural and elegant look, summer wedding nails are often created using thin layers of polish, which may be more susceptible to chipping and peeling, especially if not applied properly or if the nails are exposed to excessive moisture or wear.

• Embellishments and Accents:

  Summer wedding nails often feature embellishments such as crystals, pearls, or dried flowers, which can add visual interest but may also be prone to falling off or becoming dislodged if not securely attached.

• Environmental Factors:

  Summer weddings often take place outdoors, exposing the nails to direct sunlight, heat, humidity, and potential water exposure, all of which can contribute to nail damage, discoloration, or lifting.

These challenges underscore the importance of choosing an experienced and skilled nail technician who can create durable and long-lasting nail art, as well as the need for proper nail care and maintenance leading up to and on the wedding day. Additionally, selecting designs that are less intricate and avoiding excessive embellishments can help minimize the risk of damage or chipping.

Expert Tips

In the realm of summer wedding nails, seeking expert advice and implementing proper nail care practices are crucial for achieving a flawless and long-lasting manicure. These expert tips encompass various aspects, including selecting a reputable nail artist, considering nail shape and length, and prioritizing nail health.

• Choose a Reputable Nail Artist:

  Selecting an experienced and skilled nail technician is paramount for creating durable and visually appealing summer wedding nails. Look for artists with expertise in intricate designs, attention to detail, and a strong portfolio showcasing their work.

• Consider Nail Shape and Length:

  The shape and length of the nails should complement the bride’s hands and personal style. Shorter nails are less prone to chipping and breakage, while longer nails can accommodate more elaborate designs. Discuss options with the nail artist to find the perfect shape and length for your summer wedding nails.

• Prioritize Nail Health:

  Healthy nails provide a strong foundation for long-lasting nail art. Avoid harsh chemicals, excessive filing, and biting nails. Implement a regular nail care routine that includes, cuticle oil, and strengthening treatments to keep nails healthy and prevent damage.

• Proper Nail Preparation:

  Before applying the summer wedding nail art, proper nail preparation is essential. This includes removing old polish, trimming and shaping nails, and gently pushing back cuticles. Thorough preparation ensures better adhesion of the polish and helps prevent lifting and chipping.

By following these expert tips, brides can ensure that their summer wedding nails are not only aesthetically pleasing but also durable and in line with their personal style and the overall wedding theme. Prioritizing nail health, choosing a skilled nail artist, and considering nail shape and length are key factors in achieving a flawless and memorable manicure that will complement the bride’s radiant look on her special day.

Cultural Significance

The cultural significance of elaborate nail art finds its echoes in the realm of summer wedding nails, where intricate designs and embellishments hold symbolic meanings and reflect ancient traditions. This connection between cultural heritage and contemporary aesthetics unveils a deeper narrative of self-expression and celebration.

Cause and Effect: The intricate designs and vibrant colors of summer wedding nails draw inspiration from diverse cultures worldwide. These designs are not merely decorative; they carry symbolic meanings that reflect the bride’s heritage, beliefs, and personal style. The choice of colors, patterns, and motifs is often influenced by cultural traditions, creating a visual representation of the bride’s cultural identity.Components: Cultural significance is an integral component of summer wedding nails, adding depth and meaning to the overall aesthetic. The intricate designs, often inspired by ancient art forms like Mehndi or Chinese nail art, serve as a canvas for storytelling and self-expression. These designs can incorporate symbols of love, fertility, good luck, and prosperity, creating a visually stunning narrative that reflects the cultural heritage of the bride and her family.Examples: Real-life instances showcase the harmonious blend of cultural significance and summer wedding nails. Indian brides often adorn their hands with intricate Mehndi designs, which hold cultural and spiritual significance. In Chinese culture, brides may opt for red nail polish, symbolizing good luck and happiness. African brides might incorporate traditional tribal motifs into their nail art, celebrating their heritage and paying homage to their ancestors.Applications: Understanding the cultural significance of elaborate nail art in summer wedding nails has practical implications. It allows brides to connect with their cultural roots, express their individuality, and share their heritage with their guests. It also fosters appreciation for diverse cultures and traditions, creating a sense of inclusivity and unity at the wedding celebration.

In essence, the cultural significance of elaborate nail art in summer wedding nails transcends mere aesthetics, becoming a meaningful expression of cultural identity, heritage, and personal narratives. Brides can draw inspiration from ancient traditions and incorporate symbolic elements into their nail designs, creating a visual masterpiece that celebrates their unique cultural journey and adds depth to their wedding day ensemble.

Historical Context

The historical evolution of nail designs holds a profound connection to the ever-changing landscape of summer wedding nails. This intricate relationship unveils a fascinating interplay between past traditions and contemporary aesthetics, shaping the visual narratives of bridal manicures.

Cause and Effect:

The historical context of nail designs serves as a driving force in shaping the trends and styles observed in summer wedding nails. Changing fashion trends, influenced by socio-cultural factors, art movements, and technological advancements, have a direct impact on the designs, colors, and embellishments incorporated into bridal nail art. Conversely, summer wedding nails, as a reflection of personal style and cultural heritage, can influence broader fashion trends, contributing to the evolution of nail art as a form of self-expression.

Components:

Historical context is an integral component of summer wedding nails, providing a foundation for understanding the symbolism, motifs, and design elements commonly associated with this special occasion. Traditional nail art techniques, passed down through generations, blend seamlessly with modern innovations, creating a rich tapestry of styles that cater to diverse tastes and preferences. The historical context adds depth and meaning to summer wedding nails, allowing brides to connect with their cultural roots and express their individuality through their manicure.

Examples:

Real-life examples abound, showcasing the tangible influence of historical context on summer wedding nails. In many cultures, brides adorn their hands with intricate Mehndi designs, a centuries-old tradition that holds deep cultural and spiritual significance. Chinese brides often opt for vibrant red nail polish, a color steeped in symbolism and associated with good luck and prosperity. These examples underscore the enduring impact of historical context on the aesthetics and cultural significance of summer wedding nails.

Applications:

Understanding the historical context of nail designs empowers brides and nail artists to make informed choices when creating summer wedding nail art. By delving into the rich history of nail art, they can draw inspiration from traditional motifs, color palettes, and design elements, reinterpreting them in a contemporary context. This knowledge also fosters appreciation for the artistry and craftsmanship behind intricate nail designs, enhancing the overall experience of selecting and wearing summer wedding nails.

In essence, the historical context of nail designs serves as a guiding light, illuminating the path towards creating summer wedding nails that are both aesthetically pleasing and culturally significant. Brides can embark on a journey through time, drawing inspiration from diverse eras and traditions, to craft a manicure that reflects their personal style, celebrates their heritage, and captures the essence of this joyous occasion.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

This comprehensive FAQ section aims to address commonly asked questions and clarify various aspects related to summer wedding nails. From choosing the right design to ensuring its longevity, these Q&A pairs will guide you in creating a stunning and memorable bridal manicure.

Question 1: What are the popular design trends for summer wedding nails?

Summer wedding nails often showcase vibrant colors, floral motifs, geometric patterns, and sparkling embellishments. From delicate minimalist designs to intricate nail art, the trends cater to diverse tastes and styles.

Question 2: How do I choose a nail design that complements my wedding theme and dress?

Consider the overall aesthetic of your wedding, including the color palette, venue, and dress style. Choose designs that harmonize with these elements, creating a cohesive and visually pleasing look.

Question 3: How can I ensure my summer wedding nails last throughout the event?

Proper nail preparation, including cuticle care and shaping, is crucial for long-lasting results. Opt for a reputable nail salon and consider gel or acrylic extensions for added durability.

Question 4: Are there any specific nail shapes that are better suited for summer wedding nails?

Shorter nail lengths, such as round, square, or oval shapes, are generally more practical and less prone to chipping. However, the choice of nail shape should ultimately complement your personal style and hand shape.

Question 5: How can I incorporate personal touches into my summer wedding nail design?

Personalize your manicure by adding elements that reflect your individuality. This could include incorporating your wedding colors, favorite flowers, or even a monogrammed design.

Question 6: What are some essential nail care tips to follow before the wedding?

Maintain a regular nail care routine, including regular filing, moisturizing, and cuticle care. Avoid harsh chemicals and excessive exposure to water to keep your nails healthy and strong.

Question 7: Can I DIY my summer wedding nails or should I go to a professional?

While DIY nail art can be fun, it’s generally recommended to seek the services of a professional nail technician for summer wedding nails. Their expertise and experience will ensure a flawless and long-lasting manicure.

Question 8: How far in advance should I book my nail appointment?

To avoid any last-minute stress, book your nail appointment at least two to three weeks before the wedding day. This allows ample time for design consultations, trial runs, and any necessary adjustments.

Question 9: What are some popular nail polish colors for summer weddings?

Classic shades like white, ivory, and pale pink are timeless choices for summer weddings. However, you can also opt for bolder hues like coral, mint green, or lavender to match your wedding theme and personal style.

Question 10: How can I remove my summer wedding nails without damaging my natural nails?

Soak your nails in a non-acetone nail polish remover for several minutes to loosen the polish. Use a gentle cuticle pusher or orange stick to gently lift the polish from your nails. Avoid peeling or scraping the polish off, as this can damage the nail bed.

These FAQs provide valuable insights into the world of summer wedding nails, helping you make informed decisions and create a stunning manicure that complements your bridal look. In the next section, we delve deeper into the art of choosing the perfect nail technician for your special day, ensuring a stress-free and enjoyable experience.

Tips for Choosing the Perfect Summer Wedding Nail Technician

Selecting the right nail technician is crucial for achieving flawless and long-lasting summer wedding nails. Consider these detailed tips to ensure a stress-free and enjoyable experience.

Tip 1: Start Your Search Early:
Begin your search for a nail technician well in advance to avoid last-minute disappointments. This allows ample time to research, compare services, and schedule a consultation.

Tip 2: Research and Ask for Recommendations:
Seek recommendations from friends, family, or wedding vendors who have had positive experiences with nail technicians. Read online reviews and check social media platforms to gauge the reputation and expertise of potential candidates.

Tip 3: Consider Their Experience and Expertise:
Choose a nail technician who specializes in wedding nail art and has experience working with brides. Look for a portfolio showcasing their work to assess their skills and artistic style.

Tip 4: Schedule a Consultation:
Once you’ve shortlisted a few potential nail technicians, schedule a consultation to discuss your vision for your summer wedding nails. Bring inspiration photos and ideas to help convey your desired look.

Tip 5: Pay Attention to Salon Hygiene and Cleanliness:
Ensure that the nail salon you choose maintains a high standard of hygiene and cleanliness. Clean and sanitized tools, proper ventilation, and adherence to health regulations are essential for a safe and pleasant experience.

Tip 6: Communicate Clearly and Ask Questions:
Open communication is key to achieving your desired results. Clearly express your expectations and ask questions about the nail technician’s techniques, products, and recommendations. Ensure that you’re both on the same page before proceeding.

Tip 7: Trust Your Instincts:
Ultimately, trust your instincts when choosing a nail technician. Pay attention to your comfort level during the consultation and consider whether you feel confident in their ability to deliver the look you envision.

Tip 8: Consider a Trial Run:
If possible, schedule a trial run a few weeks before the wedding day. This allows you to see the nail technician’s work firsthand and make any necessary adjustments to ensure complete satisfaction on your special day.

By following these tips, you can increase your chances of finding the perfect nail technician who will create stunning and memorable summer wedding nails, adding the finishing touch to your bridal ensemble.

Choosing the right nail technician is not only about finding someone with technical skills but also establishing a connection and trust. With the ideal nail artist by your side, you can confidently walk down the aisle knowing that your nails are perfectly polished and ready for your close-up.

Conclusion

In the realm of summer wedding nails, this comprehensive exploration has unveiled a tapestry of artistry, symbolism, and personal expression. We’ve delved into the intricate designs, vibrant colors, and delicate embellishments that transform nails into miniature works of art, reflecting the joy and elegance of the occasion.

Key insights emerge from this journey into summer wedding nails. Firstly, these manicures hold deep symbolic meaning, embodying love, commitment, and the joyous spirit of the wedding day. Secondly, they serve as a canvas for creativity, allowing brides to express their unique style and complement the overall wedding theme. Lastly, the choice of nail technician is paramount, as their expertise and artistic vision play a crucial role in achieving flawless and long-lasting results.

As you embark on your journey towards your special day, remember that summer wedding nails are more than just a beauty enhancement; they are a symbol of your love, joy, and commitment. Embrace the opportunity to create a manicure that reflects your personality and complements the beauty of the summer season. Let your nails sparkle with joy and elegance as you walk down the aisle, surrounded by love and happiness.