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Nwr How Long Does It Take For 12 An Eyebrow To Grow Back – Steve Hillebrand/USFWS Before the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1980, conservationists fought for decades to protect this area on Alaska’s northeastern edge. Oil and gas interests are trying to offshore drill in the refuge, where the Gwich’i people call the “sacred place where life begins.” The 19.6 million acres of wetlands are home to an abundance of wildlife – musk oxen, moose, caribou and polar bears – and are the winter breeding grounds for millions of migratory birds from six climates and all 50 states. Land and waterways are also important to the Gwich’in and other indigenous communities in the region who have relied on these rich ecosystems for centuries. Debate over what to do with this landscape has raged for nearly a century, but today there is broad agreement that the Arctic, which wreaks havoc on every part of the atmosphere and heats the poles at an alarming rate, should be mined for fossil fuels. Ah. Not a bad idea. President Joe Biden has temporarily halted offshore oil and gas activity, but the moratorium fails to maintain protections for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Only Congress can do that. If the political history of Afghanistan is any indication, the war is far from over. Here’s a quick fix. The check was used on March 30, 1867 to purchase approximately 600,000 square kilometers of land from the Russian government. Even then, many politicians saw dollar signs in the snow. At the time, the New York Tribune said: “[Alaska] contains a large number of islands and is of the greatest importance as a marine reserve and for strategic purposes. It contains a valuable fertile country and a vast territory. It will affect our profits in the vast trade of the Pacific, so that Mardy and Olaus Murie near Moose, Wyoming, 1953 Steve Hillebrand/USFWS In the summer of 1956, Wildlife Federation President Olaus Murie and his wife Mardy toured Alaska’s Brooks Field with biologists George Schaller and Robert Crear. After months of researching the land and studying the area’s wildlife, the Muries began applying for federal protection in Arctic Alaska. The couple later played a key role in passing the Wilderness Act of 1964. Since the late 1920s, when conservationist Robert Marshall began a campaign to turn northern Alaska into a permanent wilderness, industry and environmental interests have argued over the state’s fate. People like George L. Collins and Lowell Sumner of the National Park Service argued that the best use of the land was for wilderness and recreation, but military leaders and businessmen wanted the area to search for oil and gas. (In his 1961 farewell address to the “military and industrial buildup,” President Dwight Eisenhower warned against “destroying the precious resources of tomorrow.” Perhaps the conflict in northeast Alaska was on his mind. Interior Fred Seaton Northeast Alaska issued 8.9 million acres to the east. The order, issued a year after Alaska became a state, exempted the area from “all forms of land ownership, including mining but not mineral lease laws.” the oil mandate could be derailed as fuels flow in. President Jimmy Carter, Washington, D.C. Jimmy Carter Presidential Library On December 2, 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge into law, designating the area as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. expanded to 19.3 million hectares designated Wildfire Act required exploration and offshore oil and gas exploration. The disabled president’s bill says no more drilling or exploratory production can happen without further action from Congress. This provision, which gives Congress the discretion to decide, has changed the fate of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for decades. Coastal Plain Between Dalton Strait and Arctic Refuge Lisa Hupp/USFWS On April 20, 1987, Interior Secretary Donald Hodel recommended to Congress that the Coastal Plain be opened to oil and gas development. The US Department of the Interior estimates a 19 percent chance of finding economically recoverable oil and, if found, would average 3.23 billion barrels (200 days’ supply of oil at the time of the report to Congress). Meanwhile, only one exploratory well was drilled by Chevron and BP in 1985, and the companies did not disclose what they found. . at least 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the Prince William Sound. The cleanup showed the difficulty of fixing the extreme limitations of the available technology in Alaskan waters, which are more tense than those of the Arctic. Workers used hot water machines to blast oil from the rocks along the coast, a tactic that caused severe damage to plants and animals and had lasting effects. The spill killed more than 250,000 seabirds, and it took 25 years for the sea lion population to return to pre-spill levels. Meat and other fish have not yet been recovered. Eight days before the disaster, a Senate committee approved offshore oil production, but the spill has increased scrutiny of drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. President Bill Clinton (left) with Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole, Vice President Al Gore and House Speaker Newt Gingrich December 6, 1995 Clinton Presidential Library and Museum December 6, 1995 President Bill Clinton vetoes budget bill put In the wake of the Exxon disaster, pro-oil lawmakers tried to bypass sensitive safeguards and open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling. After the Republicans took control of Congress in 1994, they passed the Unexpandable Funds Act. However, President Clinton vetoed the bill, blaming House Speaker Newt Gingrich’s “American Deal.” In a list of 82 (!) reasons for President Clinton’s veto of the bill, the defense cited tax cuts and threats to Social Security and Medicare. It was the closest offshore oil company to date. Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska with Vice President Dick Cheney, September 2005 Senator Ted Stevens’ office blocked the December 21, 2005 drilling of the Filtering Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. A year after President George W. Bush’s re-election, the effort to allow the oil industry to take advantage of the offshore haven was a high-water mark. When Congress tried a decade ago, Republicans included the provision in the budget bill, only to be strongly opposed by about 20 lawmakers from their own party who refused to support the asylum program. Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens took a risky gamble by moving the provision from the budget bill and into the Defense Spending Act, which would have secured the promised spending cuts. They proved a tactical error because the Defense Act was vulnerable to filtering, and it was. An exasperated Stevens told his colleagues: “We know this Arctic. You don’t know the Arctic at all,” he said, before vowing to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge “as long as it takes.” When Stevens left office in 2009, he was the longest-serving Republican in Senate history, but he failed to deliver the refuge that never existed. The Arctic Refuge on the Coastal Plain conservation river Lisa Hupp/USFWS March 13, 2008 Only if oil prices hit $125 a barrel or higher for five consecutive days. Murkowski will even sweeten the pot by donating proceeds to a low-income home energy assistance program and child nutrition. As the bill soared past $136 shortly after the bill was passed, Murkowski’s colleagues refused to let her go and deal with the emergency.Pig caribou crossing an Arctic Refuge River Gary Braas / National Wildlife Refuge, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 2015 January 25 Two House and Senate bills are introduced after a little while it will come out like a desert on the beach, Vol
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